We started the class with a discussion the different groupings of risk, and why some types of risk matter more than others, before moving on torisk free rates, exploring why risk free rates vary across currencies and what to do about really low or negative risk free rates. The blog post below captures my thoughts on negative risk free rates:

If you want to see my updated perspective on risk free rates, try my blog post from this year, built around the inflation question is here:

Start of the class test:
Slides:
Post class test:
Post class test solution: …(read more)

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Risk and Risk-Free Rates are two of the most important concepts in the world of finance. Risk and Risk-Free Rates refer to the return that an investor can expect from an investment. Risk is the chance of an investor losing money on an investment, while risk-free rates are the returns that an investor can expect without any risk.

Risk is an important factor in investment decisions. Investors must consider the potential risk associated with any investment before they make a decision. Risk can be measured in terms of volatility, which is the amount of price movement that can be expected in a given period of time. Higher volatility means more risk, while lower volatility means less risk.

Risk-free rates are the returns that an investor can expect without any risk. These returns are usually based on the interest rate of a risk-free asset, such as a government bond or a certificate of deposit (CD). Risk-free rates are important because they provide a benchmark for measuring the return of other investments.

In Session 4 of the course, we will discuss how risk and risk-free rates are used in the financial world. We will look at how investors assess risk and use it to make investment decisions. We will also discuss how to calculate risk-free rates and how to use them to compare different investments.

Finally, we will look at how to use risk and risk-free rates to manage a portfolio. We will discuss how to use these concepts to create a diversified portfolio and how to adjust the portfolio when market conditions change.

By the end of Session 4, students should have a good understanding of risk and risk-free rates and how they are used in the financial world. They should also be able to use these concepts to assess the risk and return of different investments and to create a diversified portfolio.