Taxation of Backdoor Roth Conversions: At what point are they taxed?

by | Jul 3, 2023 | Backdoor Roth IRA | 2 comments




How to avoid the pro rata rule when doing the Backdoor Roth conversion.

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Backdoor Roth Conversions: When are they taxed?

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As an individual looking to build a solid retirement plan, you may have come across the concept of a Backdoor Roth Conversion. This strategy allows high-income earners to contribute to a Roth IRA, even if their income exceeds the limits set by the IRS. While it may sound like a loophole, it is a legitimate way to take advantage of the Roth IRA benefits. However, it is crucial to understand the tax implications involved.

To comprehend how Backdoor Roth Conversions are taxed, we must first understand the basic principles of both traditional and Roth IRAs. Traditional IRAs allow you to make tax-deductible contributions, which grow tax-deferred until withdrawal. On the other hand, Roth IRAs do not provide an upfront tax deduction, but qualified withdrawals in retirement are tax-free.

Now, let’s dive into the process of a Backdoor Roth Conversion. As an individual with a high income, you are excluded from directly contributing to a Roth IRA. However, you can still contribute to a traditional IRA. Once you have made a non-deductible contribution to your traditional IRA, you can convert the funds into a Roth IRA.

During the conversion process, it is important to remember that any previously untaxed funds in your traditional IRA (contributions and earnings) are subject to taxes. The taxable amount is determined by the pro-rata rule, which calculates the portion of the conversion that is considered taxable income. This calculation considers both non-deductible contributions and pre-tax funds in your traditional IRA.

To illustrate this, let’s consider an example. Suppose you contribute $6,000 to your traditional IRA and the total balance in the account is $60,000, comprising both non-deductible contributions and pre-tax funds. In this scenario, only 10% of the conversion would be nontaxable ($6,000 non-deductible contribution divided by $60,000 total balance). The remaining 90% ($54,000 pre-tax funds) would be taxable income in the year of the conversion.

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It is crucial to note that if you have multiple traditional IRAs, the pro-rata rule applies to all accounts collectively. Therefore, it is often advised to consolidate all traditional IRAs into a single account to simplify the tax calculations during the Backdoor Roth Conversion.

Additionally, it is important to time your Backdoor Roth Conversion strategically to minimize the tax impact. If you have a low-income year or anticipate a decrease in your income, it might be beneficial to convert during that period. By doing so, you can take advantage of the lower tax rates while converting the funds.

Lastly, it is imperative to report the Backdoor Roth Conversion accurately on your tax return using Form 8606. This form ensures that the IRS knows which portion of the conversion is taxable and tracks any non-deductible contributions made to your traditional IRA.

In conclusion, Backdoor Roth Conversions can be a valuable strategy for high-income earners to contribute to a Roth IRA and enjoy the tax-free growth and distributions it offers. However, it is vital to be aware of the tax implications and carefully plan the conversion to optimize the tax benefits. Consulting a tax professional or financial advisor can be a wise step to ensure you navigate the process correctly and make the most of your retirement savings.

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2 Comments

  1. Trang Pham

    Hello – if I recharacterized my excess roth IRA contribution of 2022 to a traditional IRA, can I convert it back to Roth IRA right away? I have it in Vanguard and the amount just showed in the traditional IRA today.

  2. Mark Atkins

    I just found you on Youtube and think your videos are great! Question – How does money grow in a traditional IRA when you are keeping track of basis, per the pro rata rule. It seems like only the post tax contributions are tracked as the basis. The money earned on the post tax contributions does not seem to be tracked or counted toward the basis. If I keep the pre and post-tax money in separate Traditional IRA’s, is this a better way to track basis? Also, a suggestion for another video would be step by step instructions on the process and how to fill out the tax forms on how to get out of the pro rata rule once you are already stuck in it, specifically moving the traditional IRA money to a solo 401K. Thanks!

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