This video is part of Riiv’s Education Series. I talked to Certified Financial Planner Matt Frankel about the difference between a 401k and a pension. The discussion covers not only what’s more common today, but why pensions are so hard to come by. Follow Matt’s channel @MattFrankelCFP for more great topics like this.

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When it comes to retirement planning, many people find themselves torn between contributing to a 401k or a pension plan. Both options offer advantages and drawbacks, and understanding the differences between the two is essential to make an informed decision.

A 401k plan is an employer-sponsored retirement savings plan that allows employees to contribute a portion of their salary on a pre-tax basis. These funds are invested in a selection of investment options, typically mutual funds, and grow over time. Employers may also contribute to the 401k plan, either through matching contributions or profit-sharing.

One significant advantage of a 401k plan is the ability to control investment decisions. Participants can choose from a range of investment options, including stocks, bonds, and real estate investments. They can also adjust their investment mix over time to suit their changing needs and risk tolerance.

Pension plans, on the other hand, are designed to provide a guaranteed income for life after retirement. These plans are offered by employers as a benefit to employees, and the employer bears the responsibility for managing the plan’s investments and payouts.

Pension benefits are typically calculated using a formula based on the employee’s years of service and salary history. Upon retirement, the employee receives a fixed amount per month, regardless of investment performance or market fluctuations. This can provide a sense of security for retirees who don’t want to take on the risk of managing their retirement funds.

One disadvantage of pension plans is that they offer little control over investment decisions. Employees have no say in how the funds are invested, leaving them at the mercy of the employer’s investment choices. Additionally, pension plans may have eligibility requirements, such as a minimum number of years with the company, that can limit participation.

Another potential drawback of pension plans is that they may be vulnerable to underfunding. If an employer fails to adequately fund the plan, retirees may not receive their full benefits. Additionally, pension plans may be subject to inflation risk, as fixed monthly payouts may lose purchasing power over time.

In summary, choosing between a 401k and a pension plan depends on personal preference and retirement goals. 401k plans offer greater control and flexibility with investment decisions, while pension plans provide a guaranteed income stream for life. It’s essential to consider the advantages and disadvantages of each option and consult with a financial advisor to make an informed decision.