What is the Tax Rate on 401(k) Withdrawals?

by | Oct 7, 2023 | 401k | 19 comments

What is the Tax Rate on 401(k) Withdrawals?




How much tax do you pay to get money out of a 401(k) or pre-tax retirement account? It depends on several factors. Most importantly, you want to be aware of:
✔️ Income taxes
✔️ Penalty taxes for early withdrawals
✔️ Tax withholding

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The amount of income tax you pay on 401(k) withdrawals depends on everything happening on your return. For example, income from work, investments, Social Security, and other sources can raise your income level. That might put you into a relatively high bracket.

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At the same time, any deductions, including the standard deduction, can reduce the taxes. You might even be able to get retirement money without paying taxes in some cases.

Of course, your age is important, as penalty taxes can increase the tax bite. That’s usually only when you’re under the age of 59 ½, but there are exceptions and wrinkles to be aware of—they might help you avoid paying that tax.

More Resources:
Calculator to estimate taxes due:
Penalty tax exceptions:

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CHAPTERS:
00:00 How Much Tax Do You Pay?
00:30 Pre-Tax Withdrawals Are Ordinary Income
01:02 Income Tax
01:27 Penalty Taxes
01:48 Tax Withholding
02:29 Examples on Tax Return
05:22 Social Security Taxation
06:25 Is it a Taxable Withdrawal?
07:12 More on Taxable Income
09:00 Tax Brackets and Rates
11:35 Why Income Matters
12:08 Withholding and Penalties
15:07 Exceptions to 10% Penalty

We’ll walk through the key points and a few examples in this video. But it’s critical to review your situation with a tax expert before making any decisions, taking withdrawals, or filing a return. Your reality might be significantly different from what this video describes, so you need to triple-check everything.

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Justin Pritchard, CFP® is a fee-only fiduciary advisor who can work with clients in Colorado and most other states.

IMPORTANT:
retirement account withdrawals can complicate income taxes (both federal and state), tax penalties, underpayment penalties, and more. It’s impossible to cover everything you need to know in a video like this. The only thing that’s certain is that you need more information than this. Always consult with a CPA before making decisions or filing a tax return. This is general information and entertainment, and is not created with any knowledge of your circumstances. As a result, you need to speak with your own tax, legal, and financial professional who is familiar with your details. This video is not a substitute for individualized, personal advice. Please verify with your plan administrator when employer plans are involved. This information may have errors or omissions, may be outdated, or may not be applicable to your situation. Investments are not bank guaranteed and may lose money. Opinions expressed are as of the date of the recording and are subject to change. “Likes” should not be considered a positive reflection of the investment advisory services offered by Approach Financial, Inc. The Comments section contains opinions that are not the opinions of Approach Financial, Inc., and you should view all comments with skepticism. Approach Financial, Inc. is registered as an investment adviser in the state of Colorado and is licensed to do business in any state where registered or otherwise exempt from registration….(read more)


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How Much Tax Do You Pay on 401(k) Withdrawals?

A 401(k) is a retirement savings plan offered by employers to their employees. It allows individuals to contribute a portion of their pre-tax income, which grows tax-deferred until they withdraw the funds during retirement. While the tax advantages of a 401(k) are clear during the accumulation phase, many wonder what taxes will apply when they begin making withdrawals. To understand the tax implications, let’s explore the different factors that affect the tax on 401(k) withdrawals.

The first important consideration is the type of 401(k) plan you have. Traditional 401(k) plans allow contributions to be made with pre-tax earnings, meaning the money is not taxed when it is contributed to the account. However, when you withdraw funds from a traditional 401(k), it is treated as taxable income. This means you will have to pay income tax on the amount of the withdrawal at your ordinary income tax rate for that year.

On the other hand, there are Roth 401(k) plans that allow contributions to be made with after-tax earnings. With a Roth 401(k), you do not get an immediate tax deduction for contributions. However, when you withdraw funds from a Roth 401(k) during retirement, those withdrawals are tax-free. This can be a significant advantage for those who expect their tax rate to be higher in retirement than it is currently.

Another factor that affects the tax on 401(k) withdrawals is your age at retirement. If you withdraw funds from a traditional 401(k) before the age of 59 and a half, you will likely have to pay an additional 10% early withdrawal penalty on top of the regular income tax. This penalty is designed to discourage people from using retirement funds before reaching retirement age. However, there are exceptions to this penalty, such as using the funds for a first-time home purchase or in cases of financial hardship.

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Once you reach the age of 72, you must begin taking required minimum distributions (RMDs) from your traditional 401(k) and other retirement accounts. RMDs represent the minimum amount you must withdraw each year and are subject to income tax. Failure to take RMDs can result in a hefty penalty equal to 50% of the amount that should have been withdrawn. Roth 401(k)s, on the other hand, do not have RMDs as they are not subject to taxation upon withdrawal.

It’s important to note that the tax brackets you fall into during retirement can also impact the amount of tax you will pay on your 401(k) withdrawals. If you retire with a lower income and fall into a lower tax bracket, your withdrawals may be taxed at a lower rate. However, if your retirement income is high, you may find yourself in a higher tax bracket and have to pay more taxes on your withdrawals.

In conclusion, the tax you pay on 401(k) withdrawals depends on the type of 401(k) plan you have, your age at retirement, and the tax bracket you fall into during retirement. Traditional 401(k) withdrawals are subject to income tax, while Roth 401(k) withdrawals are tax-free. Early withdrawals from traditional 401(k)s can also incur an additional 10% penalty, and RMDs must be taken from traditional 401(k)s starting at the age of 72. Understanding these factors can help you plan for the tax implications of your 401(k) withdrawals and make informed decisions about your retirement savings.

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19 Comments

  1. Daniel Leon

    This is why Asset Location is so important, having an efficient mix amongst your taxable, tax-deferred, & tax-free buckets of money will allow individuals to take greater control over the risk of higher taxation. Also, it’s worth mentioning that the standard deduction offsets taxable income in retirement as well as the 0% capital gains / dividends rates for married couples whose income doesn’t exceed $89,250.

  2. Jesse Fletcher

    if I'm taking a distribution per Rule of 55 and the 401k administrator still withholds the 10% penalty does the treasury treat that as an overpayment and return the 10% when I file taxes?

  3. InvestLikeMike

    So if I have a balance of 50k in my 401k, but 20k of that comes from capital gains, and 30k was my contributions. If I want to liquidate my entire 401k balance of 50k – would my taxable income increase by 50k?
    Do I not have to pay capital gains tax for the 20k of capital gains that I accrued while holding the 401k? Would my taxable income just increase by 50k with no consideration of capital gains tax?

  4. david barker

    Don’t forget the potential impact of a large withdrawal on IRMAA. Seems like a hidden tax inside Social Security

  5. Scott Meriwether

    For a retired person receiving income only from Social Security, a defined benefit pension plan, and a deferred tax 401k, might FICA tax be owed on any of that, and if so, which of those income types might be subject to FICA taxation? I believe the total FICA rate is 7.65 percent. So, for retirement planning purposes, this number is not insignificant.

  6. KING KONG

    will I get a tax refund if I'm on SS and have a small withdrawal from my 401k to live on making less total 25.5k…?

  7. bigtoeknee11

    When using the rule of 55 can i withdraw any amount any time i need or does it need to be a fuxed periodic payments like 72T rule

  8. BlackBeard Papa

    always good videos. keep going

  9. bonita Pearson

    Hello so would I get penalized if i roll over my 401k into another 401k but take some in cash. I'm 59 will i have to pay taxes on the cash amount. Thank you

  10. Emilio Dominguez

    Quick question sir I have a 401k and have currently 9k on my 401k after I changed Employee so I'm a year into my job and i make around 60k a year if i withdraw my 401k how much will it effect my return I've gotten in the last 2 years 5k would that hurt to take out ?

  11. El V Dell

    Excellent video. I notice you were using an app to project taxes. What app or website was this?

  12. Julien Carter

    Great video. Do you now where there is a 1040 form I can complete online that will calculate tax liability? The IRS website only has one for withholding from work. I want enter in planning numbers from my 401a/403b, social security, and brokerage account numbers to determine the mix that provides the lowest tax liability

  13. Mike autostudent

    How can you withdraw money while you are employed and over 60 years old and how much you can withdraw at one time.

  14. Blain N

    Great video. Thank you for sharing.

  15. Algo Flush

    I retired April 2022. The tax is 20% on my 401K withdrawals. Fidelity sells $2300 of stock funds and i receive $1840 into my checking account monthly. 2300 x .20 = 460. 2300 – 460 = 1840.

  16. Gmale

    Is is worth to over pay Fed Taxes when making 401K withdrawal. Is there any tax benefit to doing this?

  17. Jason Christensen

    What is the website link to the interactive 1040 with the withdraw 25k, 50k, etc.

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