What defines a QUALIFIED Distribution from a Roth IRA?

by | May 12, 2023 | Vanguard IRA | 10 comments



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A Roth IRA is a tax-advantaged savings account that enables you to save for retirement. Unlike traditional IRAs, contributions to Roth IRAs are taxed upon deposit, so you don’t have to pay taxes when making qualified withdrawals during retirement. However, not all Roth IRA withdrawals classify as qualified distributions. Here’s what you need to know about qualified distributions from Roth IRAs.

What is a Qualified Distribution?

A qualified distribution from a Roth IRA refers to a withdrawal that you make after age 59 1/2 and at least five years after your first Roth IRA contribution. Qualified distributions are usually tax-free and penalty-free. That means you don’t have to account for the withdrawal as income, and you aren’t subject to the IRS’s early withdrawal penalty of 10%.

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Exceptions to the 10% Early Distribution Penalty

There are a few situations in which you can make an early Roth IRA withdrawal and avoid the penalty fee. The penalty exemptions include:

1. Death or disability: If you become disabled or die before age 59 1/2, you are eligible for an early withdrawal without a 10% penalty.

2. Educational expenses: You can make penalty-free withdrawals to pay for qualified educational expenses, such as tuition, fees or books.

3. Home purchase: You can withdraw up to $10,000 tax-free to build or buy a first home.

4. Medical expenses: If you have high medical bills, you may be able to make a penalty-free withdrawal.

5. Substantially equal periodic payments: You can take out distributions in equal amounts over your life or the joint lives of you and your beneficiary.

Non-Qualified Distributions

Withdrawals that don’t meet the criteria for qualified distributions are generally called non-qualified distributions. When you take a non-qualified distribution from your Roth IRA, you will have to pay income taxes on the amount withdrawn, and in some cases, you’ll be subject to a 10% early withdrawal penalty.

For instance, if you withdraw your Roth IRA funds before the age of 59 1/2 and have not had the account for at least five years, you may be required to pay a penalty fee on the amount you withdraw, in addition to non-refundable income taxes on the entire monetary amount.

Conclusion

Understanding qualified distributions from a Roth IRA is crucial if you want to enjoy the full benefits of your tax-advantaged savings account. By waiting to take qualified distributions until age 59 1/2 and after your initial contribution has been in the account for at least five years, you can potentially avoid taxes and penalty fees. If you are considering making a withdrawal from your Roth IRA, it’s essential that you understand the guidelines for qualified distributions versus non-qualified distributions. Consider reaching out to a financial advisor or tax professional to ensure that you are making the best decisions for your financial future.

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10 Comments

  1. April E

    Josh it is important to understand that God is one. Jesus is God in human form, (soul from God, body originally from Mary) not an additional divine being. The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, are three essential components of one God. They are one the way our soul, our body, and the things we do are one. We mirror that trinity. I'm sure you don't think of yourself as being 3 people. John 14:9 is Jesus saying -Why are you asking about seeing the Father? Don't you recognize me? I am God-.

  2. Charles LeMaire

    Heritage Wealth Planning – Please be careful how you phrase the 5 year rule. IRS clearly says 5 years starting with the initial contribution, but multiple times you stated "5 year after" the initial contribution. I'm sure you know that first year counts, in fact, one can get credit for that first year until April 15 (or thereabouts) the following year. I think you were just mixing your subject as you went.

  3. Lam Leg

    If the 5 year and over 59 1/2 have been met how would one get dividends out instead of reinvesting them. Since gains are to come out last would one have to sell stock to get cash or use cash from dividends that aren't reinvested?

  4. Mainer_ In_Texas - Gordon -

    So what happens if you have only had your Roth for, say 3 years and over 59 1/2? Can you pull out some of the non-gains over that time?

  5. Tricia Brown

    Wait. Isn’t it true that you can take out your contributions anytime without penalty? You’re just talking about growth, right?

  6. james Hall

    Josh, I’m 52, retired, and I just took my first sepp withdrawal monthly payment from the tsp. I have 72k in Roth contributions and I selected the option to have my distributions Come out of my Roth first, but noticed that they are reporting most of my distribution as taxable. Is this because I’m not 59 1/2?

  7. John Scott

    Josh, the bots are sure blowing up your channel!

  8. Ripe Melon

    Here you go! ☕️

  9. Michael Wunsch

    Question, if you opened the Roth IRA 10 years ago, but contributed $5000 in 2022 (1 year ago), can you remove the 1 year old $5000 contribution tax free, or does that 1 year old $5000 contribution have to sit in the account for 5 years before it becomes qualified, and you can touch that portion?

  10. Todd Hallam

    My wife has a Roth IRA at Vanguard and one at Wells Fargo. Both were opened in 2021 when she was 54. If we roll the Wells Fargo account to Vanguard, does the 5 year rule still begin in 2021 for the entire balance or is the balance that we roll from Wells Fargo subject to a new 5 year rule beginning in 2023?

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